Down syndrome is a genetic condition — not a disease or illness. It occurs when a person is born with an extra chromosome, and it can affect development, learning, and physical growth. Children with Down syndrome may face certain health challenges, but with care, understanding, and early intervention, they can thrive. Thanks to growing awareness and advances in care, the quality of life for people with Down syndrome has greatly improved in recent years.

Raising a child with Down syndrome

Having a child with Down syndrome comes with unique challenges, but also deep joy and love. Like any parent, you’ll experience all the milestones — just at your child’s pace. With consistent support, encouragement and unconditional love, children with Down syndrome can grow into confident, capable individuals.

Knowledge is your best tool. Seek expert advice, connect with support groups, and read widely about the condition — the more you know, the more confident you’ll feel in guiding your child’s development.

What causes Down syndrome?

Down syndrome is caused by a genetic anomaly known as Trisomy 21. Instead of receiving 46 chromosomes — 23 from each parent — a child with Down syndrome receives an extra copy of chromosome 21, for a total of 47. This additional genetic material affects physical and cognitive development, leading to the traits commonly associated with Down syndrome.

Can Down syndrome be prevented or cured?

While prenatal testing can detect Down syndrome during pregnancy, there is currently no way to prevent or cure the condition. Research shows that the likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age — especially in women over 35. Prenatal screening and diagnostic testing are available for families wanting early insights.

Common health concerns

Approximately half of all babies born with Down syndrome have congenital heart conditions. Other potential medical concerns include pulmonary hypertension, digestive issues, hypothyroidism, sleep apnoea, and a higher risk of childhood leukaemia. Later in life, people with Down syndrome may also develop Alzheimer’s disease.

Many children with Down syndrome experience some hearing or vision challenges, speech delays, and learning difficulties. However, with regular medical check-ups and early therapies, most conditions can be treated or managed effectively.

Physical development and motor skills

Children with Down syndrome often have low muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay motor development such as crawling, standing, and walking. They may also be more prone to joint instability, flat feet, and orthopaedic concerns like scoliosis or hip dislocation.

Physiotherapy and occupational therapy can help build strength and coordination. Supportive footwear — such as orthopaedic shoes or shoes designed for orthotic devices — is highly recommended to assist with balance and prevent further complications.

Supporting emotional and social wellbeing

Children with Down syndrome may face behavioural challenges or feel shy and socially withdrawn, especially if they sense they are “different.” Supportive parenting, inclusive environments, and strong family bonds are essential to fostering confidence.

Encourage independence in everyday activities and celebrate progress — no matter how small. A safe, nurturing home and access to the right schooling will help your child thrive both emotionally and socially.

Education and inclusion

Education options vary depending on your child’s development. Special education schools can offer tailored support, while many children also succeed in mainstream schools with the right adjustments. Home-schooling is another viable option, particularly for families seeking more individualised learning. Always consult with educators and health professionals before making decisions.

Helping your child live a full life

Today, many people with Down syndrome lead independent, fulfilling lives — attending school, holding jobs, building friendships, and participating fully in their communities. Down syndrome is just one part of a person’s story — it does not define their future.

Your love, encouragement and advocacy make a lasting difference. The right tools, resources, and mindset help your child succeed and shine.

First Walkers is here to support that journey. We offer a carefully curated range of supportive and orthopaedic shoes for children with Down syndrome. Designed for comfort, stability and fun, our shoes help growing feet stay balanced and supported — while still looking great. Click here to explore our latest collection.